Gullah Jack was known to carry a conjure bag with him at all times for his spiritual protection. For example, Gullah Jack was an African from Angola who carried a conjure bag (mojo bag) onto a slave ship leaving Angola for the United States. During the Trans-Atlantic slave trade, a few enslaved Africans were able to conceal their conjure bags when they boarded slave ships heading to the Americas. The practice of using gris-gris, though originating in Africa, came to the United States with enslaved Africans and was quickly adopted by practitioners of Louisiana Voodoo and Hoodoo in the United States, and Vodou in Haiti. Historians of the time noted that they were frequently worn by non-believers and believers alike, and were also found attached to buildings. Originally the gris-gris was adorned with Islamic scripture and was used to ward off evil spirits (evil djinn) or bad luck. The gris-gris originated in Dagomba in Ghana and was associated with Islamic traditions. West and Central Africans all practiced the spiritual art of creating conjure bags for protection, healing and to communicate with spirits.
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